Consecuencias psicológicas de la migración parental en niños.

Abstract

Parental migration, beyond being an economic and geopolitical phenomenon, represents a transformative process that substantially alters family structures, directly affecting the psycho-emotional development of children who remain in their places of origin. This study was conducted based on the principles of behavioral therapy, supported by the theoretical contributions of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner, who argue that emotions and behaviors are learned responses to environmental stimuli. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of parental migration on the emergence of psychological consequences, by exploring significant alterations in the emotional, behavioral, and social domains of affected children. A qualitative approach was employed, with a case study design, descriptive in nature and with a cross-sectional scope. The findings reveal that family separation due to migration generates a notable impact on the emotional well-being of children, manifested in symptoms of anxiety, depressive states, disruptive behaviors, and difficulties in psychosocial adaptation, such as communication, academic performance, and the need for emotional support. The sample consisted of four children, between the ages of seven and ten, whose parents had migrated abroad. Participants were selected through non-probabilistic sampling in the community of Gramalote, located in the Pucará canton, Azuay province (Ecuador). Likewise, through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and standardized instruments, it was found that although the children attempt to develop coping strategies, they experience feelings of sadness, abandonment, and a longing for family reunification.In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need to implement psychosocial support mechanisms, strengthen substitute family environments, and develop public policies that are sensitive to this social issue.