Estrategias prenatales para prevenir la muerte fetal en gestantes de riesgo.

Abstract

Introduction: Fetal death is the absence of fetal heartbeat after 20 weeks of gestation, affecting approximately two million families annually, with emotional, social and economic implications. Objective: To establish prenatal strategies to prevent fetal death in pregnant women at risk. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out from November 2023 to March 2024, in different digital data sources. The search engine: Google Scholar and databases (PubMed, Fronteirs, Women and Birth) were used for the research with the help of the terms (fetal death, fetal movement, prevention, classification, risk factors, congenital syphilis, prenatal controls, clinical audits and infant mortality). Results: The initial search identified 5278 publications. Five duplicate publications and 5231 were filtered out after reading titles. Forty-five full-text articles were reviewed and 30 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally 10 studies were included and 5 were identified in the review, concluding in a total of 15 articles. Conclusion: Nutritional supplements, improvement of lifestyle habits, prevention of infections, sexual and reproductive health education for both spouses, training of midwives, application of audits, as well as follow-up of fetal wellbeing, improve the quality of prenatal care. In addition, the implementation of intervention plans that include these strategies can reduce the gap between prevention and fetal death.