Atención de enfermería en pacientes con pie diabético y sus complicaciones.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease with a high risk of severe complications such as diabetic foot, which is the leading cause of amputations due to ulcers. In Ecuador, 66% of patients with diabetes suffer disability as a result of lower limb amputations. Objective: To apply the Nursing Care Process in a patient with diabetic foot and its complications, based on Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, in order to promote comprehensive adaptation, improve quality of life, and support the prevention of new complications. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, and observational approach through clinical history, with informed consent signed. Results: A 66-year-old male patient with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension for approximately 16 years, and surgical history of lower limb amputation due to grade III ulcers with necrosis. He presented with ulceration for more than 7 days on the anterior-lateral plantar region, with bleeding edges and purulent secretion, measuring 3 cm in diameter, along with another ulcer with irregular edges, associated with moist dermal tissue and mild pain. Vital signs: BP 150/80 mmHg, T 37°C, HR 76 bpm, RR 24 bpm, SpO₂ 97%, Glucose 200 mg/dl. Laboratory tests revealed an infectious process with elevated leukocytes: 18.55 x10³/µl. Treatment included antibiotics (clindamycin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin), daily wound care, and lifestyle education. Conclusion: Adequate assessment by the healthcare professional influenced the patient’s adaptive behavior. Nursing interventions focused on helping the patient cope with and adapt to his illness, strengthening self-esteem, and addressing unmet needs.