Necesidades básicas en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis desde el enfoque de Virginia Henderson en una institución pública de segundo nivel

Abstract

Hemodialysis patients require comprehensive care. Henderson's model significantly enhances nursing care by promoting independence and autonomy through personalized interventions tailored to their specific needs, fostering physical well-being and active patient engagement in care. To identify basic needs in patients undergoing hemodialysis at a second-level healthcare institution, 2024. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on Virginia Henderson's Theory of 14 Basic Human Needs. The sample comprised 36 patients who met inclusion criteria including: diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment for at least three months. Differentiated satisfaction of basic needs was evidenced: self-actualization showed limitations with only 8.3% experiencing complete control and clear goals, while self-esteem demonstrated 52.8% maintaining positive self-image and coping strategies. The social dimension stood out for family support (41.7%) and excellent confidence in healthcare professionals (47.2%). Security revealed contrasts between favorable institutional perception (61.1%) and treatment comprehension (52.8%) versus economic difficulties where only 22.2% achieved adequate coverage. Physiological needs demonstrated satisfactory compliance in attendance (80.6%) and catheter care (69.5%), although vulnerabilities persisted in medication access (27.8% experiencing difficulties). Henderson's model facilitates more humane, effective, and personalized care. The study demonstrates that hemodialysis patients exhibit adequate levels across most evaluated dimensions, particularly highlighting robust family and professional support, alongside excellent therapeutic adherence.