Prácticas alimentarias relacionadas con la nutrición infantil en niños menores de cinco años.

Abstract

Child malnutrition remains a public health challenge that affects the physical, cognitive, and motor development of children under five years old. This study determined the relationship between caregivers’ feeding practices and the nutritional status of children enrolled in an Ecuadorian educational institution. Using a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design, 185 children were evaluated through a validated questionnaire on nutritional practices. Results showed that most children have anthropometric parameters within normal ranges, although cases of malnutrition and overweight persist. Predominantly healthy habits were identified, such as regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, and proteins, proper hygiene in food preparation, and frequent complete meals. However, weaknesses were found, including the replacement of healthy snacks with processed ones, consumption of ultra-processed foods, and low participation in nutrition training. Caregivers’ education and socioeconomic status directly influence these practices: a medium education level and unemployment negatively affect food security. It is concluded that strengthening nutritional education, ensuring access to healthy foods, and reinforcing public policies are necessary. Nursing staff play a key role in improving family nutritional literacy and promoting healthy food environments that support comprehensive child growth from early childhood..