Interrelación entre dinámicas alimenticias, riesgo metabólico y factores psicosociales en estudiantes universitarios

Abstract

This research analyzes the relationship between dietary patterns, psychosocial factors, and metabolic risk in university students, considering that the university stage is critical for the development of long-term health-related habits. Young adults face multiple challenges such as academic stress, lack of time, limited access to healthy food, and a family history of metabolic diseases, all of which can impact their physical and psychological well-being. The objective was to evaluate eating behaviors and their association with psychosocial and metabolic risk factors among students at the Technical University of Machala, in order to develop prevention strategies. A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational approach was used. A structured survey based on standardized instruments (NHANES, ENSANUT, FFQ), clinical measurements (BMI, blood pressure), and biochemical tests (glucose and cholesterol) was applied. The sample included 348 students. The results revealed an unbalanced dietary pattern, characterized by low consumption of fruits and vegetables and high intake of ultra-processed foods and sugary drinks. Moderate levels of physical activity, family history of metabolic diseases, and high levels of stress—particularly among women—were also identified. Statistical tests showed significant associations between dietary behaviors, psychosocial factors, and metabolic risk indicators. In conclusion, an early accumulation of risk factors was evident in this population. It is recommended to design comprehensive educational interventions that promote self-care and the adoption of healthy habits, taking into account the students’ psychosocial and family contexts