“Estrategias preventivas del trastorno hipertensivo en el embarazo: Preeclampsia – Eclampsia”

Abstract

Introduction: In hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia and eclampsia are the primary ones due to their high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, affecting between 4 and 10% of women during the gestation period. Preventive measures “Diet, exercise, rest, ASA, calcium, heparin, magnesium sulfate” should be carried out to reduce the incidence of the pathology. Objective:Identify the different prevention strategies in Preeclampsia -Eclampsia through an updated bibliographic review to improve the quality of care and results in pregnant women who may present these hypertensive disorders considered the most dangerous.Methods:Retrospective observational and descriptive study regarding prevention measures for Preeclampsia/Eclampsia. The PRISMA method was implemented to select the articles, obtaining 3,668 copies. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 213 articles were selected to be reviewed, leaving 31 articles for the collection of information and subsequent analysis of results.Conclusions:Prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid, magnesium and calcium sulfate within hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, mainly preeclampsia and eclampsia, are the most studied alternatives and have shown effectiveness in patients who presented various risk factors, reducing maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. While the prophylactic use of low molecular weight heparin has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity rates, however, its use will clearly depend on professional judgment.