Evaluación de actividad laxante de cápsulas elaboradas con semillas de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica l)

Abstract

The tamarind seed (Tamarindus indica L.), a byproduct of fruit processing, is commonly discarded, leading to the underutilization of bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential. Several studies have shown that this seed contains fibers, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids that may exhibit digestive activity. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and laxative activity of capsules made from tamarind seeds through physical, chemical, and biological analyses, aiming at their potential use in the pharmaceutical industry. A proximate analysis of the seed powder was performed, determining moisture, total ash, protein, fiber, and mineral content. Two formulations were prepared: one with dry powdered seed, and another with a wet granulate that included a hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol:water 70:30) and 1% xanthan gum. Both formulations underwent pharmaco-technical quality control tests, including Hausner ratio, angle of repose, flow rate, particle size distribution, and capsule disintegration. Phytochemical characterization, carried out through phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), revealed the presence of compounds with conjugated chromophore groups, characteristic of phenolic structures. Secondary metabolites from the terpenoid and saponin classes were also identified. Capsules were administered to albino mice (Mus musculus) at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. The results showed significant laxative activity in both formulations, with superior efficacy in the one containing extract. Furthermore, all quality tests fell within acceptable parameters. This study demonstrates that T. indica seeds can be used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in herbal preparations with laxative effects, promoting their agro-industrial utilization and application in the pharmaceutical sector.