Optimización logística y sostenibilidad en importación de productos naturales desde China a Huaquillas, costos y competitividad

Abstract

The work analyzes the logistical optimization and sustainability in the importation of natural products from China to Huaquillas, Ecuador, with emphasis on reducing costs and strengthening business competitiveness. It is identified that importers face high logistical costs, complex customs procedures, infrastructure deficiencies, and growing environmental demands, which limit profitability and the ability to compete with more efficient markets. The research, of a documentary and qualitative type, reviews academic literature, institutional reports, and international regulations to propose strategies applicable to the Ecuadorian context. The findings show that sustainable practices such as multimodal transportation, biodegradable packaging, and reverse logistics not only reduce hidden costs but also improve corporate reputation and facilitate access to markets with strict regulations. Likewise, the digitalization of customs processes through blockchain, artificial intelligence, and electronic traceability has shown to reduce delivery times between 15% and 25%, as well as administrative costs by 25%. The study concludes that logistical sustainability is a strategic necessity rather than an option. In Ecuador, logistical costs can represent up to 40% of the value of the imported product, which requires the modernization of infrastructure, state incentives for green practices, and training in emerging technologies. Finally, it is recommended to promote public-private partnerships, diversify supply routes, and strengthen customs digitalization as pillars to achieve more competitive and sustainable imports.