Prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en el hospital obstétrico Angela Loayza de Ollague

Abstract

Nosocomial infections are a matter of public interest since they act as an indicator of hospital care in the public and private health network, they are defined as pathologies contracted 48 hours later, that is, they were not present or in incubation periods at the time of hospital admission, where there are intrinsic risk factors such as age, comorbidities (diabetes, hypothyroidism, high blood pressure, weakened immune system) that the patient presents and extrinsic factors related to their prevalence, such as the use of invasive devices, surgical procedures and hospital hygiene, currently their monitoring is significant since it allows us to have control of the effectiveness of protocols, manuals, standards and infection prevention plans. The main objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections through the review of databases, for this the study is descriptive, quantitative and retrospective, in which through reviews of statistical databases of the Ángela Loayza de Ollague Obstetric Hospital in the city of Santa Rosa, an epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial infections is carried out from July to December 2024. From the tabulation of data, a prevalence of 2.6% of nosocomial infections of 1767 hospital discharges has been determined, of which 78.26% corresponds to children under 9 years of age and to the Neonatology area, followed by Gynecology with 15.21% and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with 6.52%, the female gender predominates with 63.04%, 6.5% have diabetes mellitus as a pathological history, 43.48% do not exceeded 4 days of hospital stay and 32.6% used mechanical ventilation, among the most common nosocomial infections we have clinical sepsis with 54.35%, urinary tract infection with 23.91%, respiratory tract infection with 19.54% and superficial surgical site infection with 2.17%, the most frequent pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae with 43.48% of events, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis with 17.4% and Escherichia coli with 13.04%, Candida albicans and Acinetobacter baumannii appeared in 10.87% respectively, while Pseudomona aeruginosa and Serratia corresponded to 2.17% each. A critical evaluation of the results obtained is carried out through comparative analysis with the ideas derived from publications in high-impact scientific articles, in order to sustain a well-founded discussion. Consequently, it is recommended to follow the strategies and preventive measures implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Public Health (MSP), such as continuous staff training and the establishment of an epidemiological surveillance committee, which is useful in the monitoring, follow-up, and registration of nosocomial events. Finally, it is concluded that monthly distribution and gender were not determining factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. Considering that our study was conducted in a hospital specialized in women's health, extrinsic factors such as hospital stay and the use of invasive devices did not have a major impact on the prevalence of these infections. In contrast, we found that intrinsic factors such as age and preexisting diseases were determining factors in the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).