Evaluación de las políticas públicas del VIH/SIDA en Ecuador.

Abstract

Introduction: HIV/AIDS prevention in Ecuador has gained relevance in the country's health policies. The national strategy for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS-STIs (ENVIH) has focused on addressing the epidemic through a comprehensive approach, promoting equity and the inclusion of vulnerable populations. Objective: To evaluate the impact of HIV/AIDS health policies applied in Ecuador through an updated literature review. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a mixed paradigm, in which a search was carried out in the updated literature during the months of March and April 2025 in the information search engines Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane between 2020 and 2025, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, including review articles and meta-analyses with free full-text features. Results: The evidence supports that HIV preventive policies in Ecuador should prioritize sexual education, equitable access to PrEP and dissemination through digital media. These strategies, effective in reducing risk behaviors by up to 60%, require sustainable health management focused on key populations. Conclusions: Historical HIV/AIDS statistics in Ecuador reveal a steady increase in cases. In this regard, HIV/AIDS prevention policies have demonstrated a positive impact on public health in Ecuador by being cost-effective, generating significant savings in treatment and medical care by incorporating innovative and human rights-centered approaches, improving education and access to services, crucial to combating the epidemic.