Extracción y caracterización del aceite esencial de barbasco (bonellia sprucei), mediante destilación por arrastre de vapor.

Abstract

The present study is governed by the extraction and characterization of the essential oil of mullein (Bonellia sprucei), by means of steam distillation. Through the application of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, the chemical composition of the essential oil of Barbasco (Bonellia sprucei) was determined. The samples of Barbasco (Bonellia sprucei) were taken from Arenillas, El Oro Province. The results showed that the essential oil obtained from Bonellia sprucei is composed of 76 chemical components. The presence of six major components was highlighted, which are: phytol (57.85%), isophitol (6.73%), trans-ethyl chrysanthemumate (4.36), (Z)-dihydro-apopharnesol (3.02%), cyclohexanone, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, cis- (2.78%) and α-chenopodiol (2.51). In addition, by formula application it was possible to determine the yield which is given as 0.01%. The presence of this type of chemical components generates interest at the industrial level, thanks to the presence of antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties, which allow its application in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agroindustry and biotechnology; Bonellia sprucei is little known by the scientific community, therefore, this research is considered a door to possible effective applications. The barbasco (Bonellia sprucei) taking into account the type of chemical components it contains is an ideal plant for the treatment of different metabolic, infectious, chronic, cardiovascular, cancer or osteoporosis diseases; it also highlights the therapeutic potential, and the anti-arthritic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and parasitic properties. Taking into consideration the present findings, it is recommended to continue with more studies focused on the branch of essential oils taking into account the varieties of the plant, as well as the area where this type of vegetation is found and the conditions to which it is exposed, being important to mention that the presence of this raw material is given in the Ecuadorian coast.