Actualización epidemiológica de la enfermedad de lengua azul (fiebre catarral ovina) en la provincia de El Oro, mediante método de elisa

Abstract

Bluetongue Virus (BTV) is a non-contagious infectious disease transmitted by hematophagous insects of the Culicoides spp. genus, affecting domestic and wild ruminants, with a significant impact on animal health and livestock economy. In Ecuador, data on its presence are limited, hindering the implementation of prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to update the epidemiology of BTV in the province of El Oro, determining its seroprevalence in cattle using the ELISA technique. A total of 228 bovine serum samples were analyzed, revealing a seroprevalence of 94.25%, confirming high virus circulation in the region. The cantons of Guabo, Arenillas, and Pasaje showed 100% positivity, while Portovelo (88.37%) and Machala (81.81%) recorded the lowest rates. Epidemiological variables such as age, breed, sex, and vector presence were analyzed, finding a significant relationship between positivity and the variables breed, age, and vector presence. The Mestizo and Pardo Suizo breeds were the most affected, and cattle aged 5 to 8 years had the highest seroprevalence. Additionally, the presence of Culicoides spp. showed a direct correlation with infection. These findings confirm that BTV is an enzootic disease in Ecuador, emphasizing the need for epidemiological monitoring, vector control, and mitigation strategies to reduce its impact on livestock farming.