Proyecto de mejoramiento y ampliación del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario en la parroquia rural de Torata cantón Santa Rosa

Abstract

This study evaluates the sanitary sewer system in the Torata parish head, Santa Rosa canton, to diagnose its structural and operational deficiencies. Through a technical analysis and field investigation, several infrastructure failures were identified, including network collapses, pipe obstructions, and the inadequate operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). These deficiencies have led to the uncontrolled discharge of wastewater into nearby water bodies, causing environmental impacts and health risks. To address this issue, a topographic and hydraulic survey was conducted, allowing for the identification of network failures and the proposal of a new sewer system design. This design includes adjustments in slopes and pipe diameters to improve hydraulic efficiency and reduce obstruction risks. Additionally, due to the collapse of the two existing WWTPs, the construction of four new WWTPs was proposed, strategically located to optimize wastewater collection and treatment. These plants incorporate septic tanks and upflow anaerobic filters (UAFs), complemented by sand traps, weirs, and sludge drying beds, ensuring effective pollutant removal. Water quality analysis revealed that the receiving bodies exceed permissible pollution limits, confirming the inefficiency of the current system. The implementation of the proposed system is expected to improve effluent quality, reduce contamination, and strengthen sanitation sustainability in the parish. The system’s effectiveness will depend on a monitoring plan, regular maintenance, and community training to ensure its proper operation and long-term sustainability.