Análisis de confiabilidad estructural de las vigas de la superestructura del puente Guarumal en el cantón Machala

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the structural reliability of the superstructure of a prestressed concrete road bridge, located in Guarumal, a rural town of Machala. The study addresses the structural vulnerability of the Guarumal bridge. Through the analysis of the problem, the possible critical factors that directly influence its structural state were identified, since it is relevant to evaluate its resistant capacity and guarantee its long-term safety. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the structural reliability of two interior beams and one exterior beam, applying the Limit States of Resistance I and Service I. To achieve this objective, a methodology was carried out that combined documentary, field and experimental research. First, a detailed survey of the geometry and current conditions of the bridge was carried out, which allowed the validation of information obtained from blueprints and technical reports. With these data, two structural models were developed, incorporating the geometric and mechanical properties of the materials. The bending moments were then evaluated under three loading conditions, DC, DW and (LL+IM). A comparative analysis was also performed between the finite element method and Barré's Theorem, identifying some significant differences in the results. The analyses performed showed that most of the beams meet the strength criteria established by the AASHTO LRFD standard, but the exterior beam (VE) presented values below what is required, evidencing the need for a review of its structural design. This reinforces the importance of making modifications or reinforcements that guarantee its safety and stability. Finally, this work highlights the importance of performing a structural reliability analysis on prestressed concrete bridges. This type of analysis not only allows for the identification of critical elements, but also ensures that the structure can withstand the loads anticipated during its useful life, complying with safety and structural performance standards.