Evaluación del trazado geométrico de carretera en el tramo yamana- san antonio parroquia rural Yamana, cantón Paltas Provincia del Loja

Abstract

This study focuses on the analysis and redesign of the geometric layout of the Yamana-San Antonio rural road, located in the province of Loja, Ecuador, with a length of 5.5 km. The road connects agricultural and educational communities, playing a vital role in their social and economic development. However, its initial design presents deficiencies that compromise road safety and functionality, such as insufficient curvature radii and inadequate superelevation. The adopted methodology is quantitative, based on precise measurements of parameters such as radii, superelevation, and operating speeds (V85), using statistical models and technical regulations like the MOP-2003. The analysis revealed that 64.9% of the evaluated curves do not meet the minimum required radii, while 82.5% show significant inconsistencies between operating and design speeds, classified as "poor" according to Lamm's Criterion I. Additionally, 66.7% of the superelevation values fail to meet established standards, highlighting the need for comprehensive geometric redesign. The techniques included field observation and comparative analysis, allowing for the identification of critical areas for improvement. The proposed interventions include optimizing horizontal and vertical alignments, adjusting radii and superelevation, and ensuring compliance with technical standards. These measures aim to enhance road safety, functionality, and connectivity, establishing a replicable intervention model for similar rural roads and contributing to the comprehensive development of the beneficiary communities.