Factores de riesgo en dermatopatías caninas (canis lupus familiaris) diagnosticadas en dermatovet de la ciudad de Quito período 2018-2022.

Abstract

Dermatopathies are one of the main diseases affecting dogs of most breeds present in Ecuador, and are associated with several predisposing factors. The objective of the work was to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors related to dermatopathies diagnosed in dogs treated at the DERMATOVET veterinary specialty center in the city of Quito, period 2018-2022. For the development of the research, an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out; where secondary data obtained from clinical records belonging to DERMATOVET from 517 canines were collected. The results showed that canine atopic dermatitis was the most frequently diagnosed dermatopathy in the DERMATOVET center. Intrinsic factors (sex, age and breed) showed a greater predisposition for certain breeds, especially French Bulldog, Schnauzer, Poodle, Shih Tzu, and Golden Retriever to present dermatopathies, which may be attributed to breed-specific genetic conditions. In addition, canines in adulthood and males, both entire and neutered, presented a higher incidence of these diseases. In relation to extrinsic factors (feeding, coexistence, place of keeping, ectoparasite control), it was found that the absence or presence of ectoparasite control did not have a significant impact on the presentation of dermatopathies. Canines that spent more time on the lawn presented a higher incidence of CDD, due to external allergens such as pollen. Those that stayed mainly indoors also showed a significant incidence, related to exposure to house dust mites. Cohabitation with other animal species also appeared to increase the frequency of dermatological diseases. The diet with homemade and balanced food was the most common among the canines with dermatopathies, suggesting that the allergens present in the different types of food could be contributing to the appearance of these diseases.