Análisis del fondo ocular como prediagnóstico de enfermedades sistémica en canis lupus familiaris en la ciudad de Machala.

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of fundus analysis through ophthalmoscopy as a prediagnostic tool for the early detection of systemic diseases in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in the city of Machala. Ophthalmoscopy allows for a detailed examination of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve, facilitating the identification of alterations that may indicate systemic health problems. The research addresses the physiological variations of the ocular fundus based on factors such as age and breed, as well as the characteristics of different types of alterations, categorized as hyporeflective and hyperreflective. Specific pathologies analyzed include chorioretinitis, retinal detachment, hemorrhages, optic neuritis, papilledema, and papillary atrophy. The methodology employed involves direct and indirect ophthalmoscopies on a sample of selected dogs in Machala. The results reveal the presence of various ocular alterations and their correlation with variables such as breed, age, and blood pressure. It is concluded that fundus analysis is a non-invasive and effective method for the prediagnosis of systemic diseases in dogs, allowing for early intervention and more timely treatment. This preventive approach significantly contributes to veterinary care, improving the quality of life of affected animals and providing a valuable diagnostic tool for professionals in the field.