Determinación de la seroprevalencia de leishmaniasis canina (canis lupus familiaris), residentes en zonas urbanas del cantón Zamora.

Abstract

Canine leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted by vectors, posing a significant public health challenge in eco-endemic regions such as the Americas, Africa, and Asia. In the Americas, the transmission cycle involves multiple species of the Leishmania parasite, with dogs serving as one of the primary reservoirs. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in urban areas of Zamora canton, Ecuador. A sample of 104 dogs was analyzed, considering variables such as age, sex, breed, presence of lymphadenopathy, mosquitoes, and contact with other animals. The samples were tested using indirect ELISA, identifying 3 seropositive cases, representing a seroprevalence of 2.9%. Although male dogs exhibited a slightly higher seroprevalence, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant associations were found between seropositivity and the other variables studied. These findings highlight the importance of considering the urban context in planning prevention and control strategies. It is recommended to establish continuous surveillance programs to monitor the circulation of Leishmania infantum in the canine population and detect increases in incidence. Additionally, educational and awareness campaigns should be developed, focusing on the use of repellents and the reduction of vector habitats. Environmental control measures, such as eliminating standing water and improving physical barriers in homes and kennels, are also essential. Continuous monitoring and further studies on transmission dynamics are crucial to improving management and prevention strategies for leishmaniasis in the region.