Efecto de la inclusión de un compuesto nitrogenado en el agua de bebida sobre la integridad intestinal en pollos broiler.

Abstract

This research work was carried out at the "Santa Inés" farm, which is located on the premises of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences belonging to the Technical University of Machala, in the province of El Oro. The objective of the research was to analyse the effect of the inclusion of a nitrogen compound in the drinking water on the intestinal integrity of broiler chickens. To carry out the experimental work, a completely randomised design (CRD) was established, using 200 broiler chickens which were distributed in 5 treatments, each of these with 4 replicates and 10 experimental units for each treatment. Treatment 1 control or control was an isoproteic balanced feed without antibiotics or coccidiostats, while T2 added 12 cc of nitrogen compound to the water, T3 with 24 cc of nitrogen compound in the drinking water, T4 added 48 cc of CONVERYÁ to the water and T5 with 60 cc of nitrogen compound. The experiment was carried out following the biosecurity norms created for open houses, where a proper formulation was applied in the diet and a good treatment of the drinking water, as well as a control of the temperature and humidity of the house in the first weeks of life of the birds. A basic vaccination schedule consisting of Gumboro and Newcastle strain was applied, followed by revaccination of the drinking water. The end of the experiment took place on day 35, when the birds were slaughtered and 40 birds were selected, 2 from each treatment. Samples were taken from the intestine of the birds, using Meckel's diverticulum as a reference point, a clean cut of approximately 2 cm was made with a scalpel, avoiding applying too much pressure so as not to damage the villi, Once the cut had been made, they were gently washed, then each end of the cut was tied with a sack string and formalin was introduced into it with a syringe, after which they were placed in a flask labelled with formalin to make the respective histological cuts and, subsequently, photographs and measurements were taken. Several variables were analysed, including the length of the villi, their upper, middle and lower width, the depth of the crypts and the thickness of the muscular and serosal layers. The statistical programme used was Statgraphics Centurion XV.I.®, using the one-factor analysis test (ANOVA) and Fisher's multiple range test (LSD) with a confidence level of 95% was used to establish differences between means. The results reveal that the inclusion of the nitrogen compound in the broiler drinking water generates several changes in the length of the villi and in the depth of the crypts, knowing that the length of the villi benefits the better absorption of nutrients, the treatment 2 that presents the inclusion of 12 cc of the nitrogen compound being the lowest dose of the experiment also generated a metric difference in the thickness of the muscular and serous layers.