Análisis de las intervenciones farmacéuticas a través del área de dosis unitaria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a significant chronic public health condition. The management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) requires a multidisciplinary health team, highlighting the crucial role of pharmacists in medication dispensing and patient education. Therefore, the objective of the work was to analyze the pharmaceutical interventions, which are performed in the area of Unit Dose of medicines in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2), in the General Hospital of Machala IESS, during the period June to October 2023, for the contribution in the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological treatments. A descriptive, documentary and retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from medical records of patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2), treated between June to October 2023 at the General Hospital of Machala. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used, with a sample of 85 patients over 18 years of age. Data such as age, gender, weight and types of pharmaceutical interventions performed were recorded. Eighty-five pharmaceutical interventions were developed, including dosage adjustments and medication regimen revisions. The most common interventions were overdosing (30.6%) and underdosing (18.8%). The importance of the pharmacist in preventing errors and improving the quality of pharmacotherapy was emphasized. Most of the patients treated were women (61.2%). In addition, it was known that metformin was the drug most frequently involved in the pharmaceutical interventions (45.9%). Thus, the importance of the pharmacist's role in the Unit Dose Drug Distribution System and its contribution to the prevention of medication errors and the optimization of pharmacotherapy in these patients was demonstrated. In addition, the implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed and recommendations for future pharmaceutical management strategies in this population are proposed. Likewise, these results are examined in order to evaluate the contribution of these interventions to the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological treatments. It is recommended to reinforce the follow-up of pharmaceutical interventions, to continue investigating their long-term impact, to implement treatment adherence education programs, and to personalize interventions according to the individual characteristics of each patient based on the factors associated with this disease.