Prevalencia de hemoparásitos (anaplasmosis, babesiosis y tripanosomiasis) en pequeños rumiantes en la parte baja de la provincia de el oro

Abstract

The study focused on the prevalence of hemoparasites in small ruminants in the lower region of the El Oro province, Ecuador, specifically in the cantons of Machala, Pasaje, El Guabo, Santa Rosa, Arenillas, and Huaquillas. To determine the population and approximate location of the animals in these cantons, information was requested from Agrocalidad, resulting in a total population of 312 animals. Using a statistical formula to ensure the representativeness of the sample, it was determined that 172 animals would be analyzed. Surveys were conducted with the owners to collect data on the general condition of the animals, including breed, sex, and other relevant characteristics. Peripheral blood samples were taken from the ear or tail of the 172 animals, which included both sheep and goats. These samples were processed to prepare 200 blood smears using a modified Giemsa staining protocol due to the need to filter the Giemsa because of the presence of artifacts observed in the samples. The results of the analysis were negative for hemoparasites such as Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Trypanosoma spp.. This finding is noteworthy given that these diseases can significantly impact the health and productivity of small ruminants. Additionally, various epidemiological variables were examined, such as age, sex, the presence of ectoparasites, the presence of dipterans, and the management practices implemented by the producers. Despite not finding significant correlations between these variables and the presence of hemoparasites, a low burden of ectoparasites was observed in the animals and a predominant breeding system in the region. These findings underscore the need for complementary diagnostic methods for more accurate detection of hemoparasites and the importance of continuing to monitor additional factors that may influence the epidemiology of these diseases in the region. It is crucial to implement integrated management strategies to maintain the health of goats and sheep and ensure their productivity in the flocks of the El Oro province. Moreover, it would be beneficial to conduct longitudinal studies that include different seasons of the year to assess how climatic variations may affect the prevalence of these parasites. The research also highlights the importance of training and educating producers on good management and parasite control practices, which could contribute to improving the overall health of the animals and the sustainability of goat and sheep production in the region.