Manejo clínico y quirúrgico del tumor carcinoide apendicular

Abstract

Introduction: Carcinoid tumors are classified as neuroendocrine tumors since they originate from malignant cells that secrete neuroendocrine substances. In the digestive system they have an incidence of 17% in the appendix. Appendiceal carcinoid tumors have a very low degree of appearance and development, between 0.2 and 0.5% of all tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the discoveries of this pathology occur during appendectomies or by pathological studies after surgeries. It is also mentioned in many studies that a tumor smaller than 2cm has a better prognosis and a lower probability of metastasis. Objective: Determine the clinical and surgical management of appendiceal carcinoid tumor through a compilation of scientific literature, to improve its understanding and therapeutic conduct. Methodology: This is a descriptive-retrospective study, carried out by reviewing the scientific literature available from the last 5 years in databases such as PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar. Conclusion: The different American and European surgical clinical practice guidelines agree that the treatment of these tumors will depend mainly on the size of the tumor. For tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, the treatment of choice is simple appendectomy; however, tumors larger than 2 cm recommend a hemicolectomy plus lymph node dissection. On the other hand, clinical management is suggested in patients in advanced stages, since the only ones who produce the so-called carcinoid syndrome are patients.