Abordaje inicial del infarto agudo de miocardio en atención primaria de salud

Abstract

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Its main etiology is the rupture of an atheroma plaque in the coronary arteries, which causes thrombosis and subsequent acute myocardial ischemia, resulting in cardiomyocyte death. The methods used included a descriptive analysis of updated information on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, guidelines, and scientific articles from quartile 1 and 2 journals. Development: Acute myocardial infarction may present atypical symptoms such as neck, back and stomach pain, and less common symptoms such as ear discomfort and hiccups. Patients with comorbidities require careful evaluation, with initial diagnosis based on clinical presentation, electrocardiogram findings that should be interpreted within 10 minutes of first contact with the patient, and cardiac biomarkers. Primary health care management is the administration of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and stabilization of the patient with subsequent immediate transfer to a hospital center for more advanced interventions. Conclusion: The initial approach to acute myocardial infarction in primary health care should include effective strategies for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and timely management, such as a complete patient history, recognition of atypical symptoms, electrocardiogram, and cardiac biomarkers. Knowledge of current protocols and the antithrombotic and antiembolic therapies that have shown the most benefit in these patients is also essential.