Actualización farmacológica y no farmacológica en el tratamiento de la depresión postparto

Abstract

Introduction: A challenging transition period for most mothers is the postpartum period, since it is involved with physiological and psychological changes that cause greater susceptibility to the appearance of affective disorders, among which postpartum depression stands out, which translates as a mental disorder that occurs after childbirth and whose duration is usually variable, even reaching up to a year after childbirth. Objective: Describe the effectiveness of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, as well as new emerging therapies in postpartum depression. Material and method: Descriptive, non-experimental study. A bibliographic search was carried out in PUBMED, SCIELO, ELSEVIER AND COCHRANE databases, which according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 20 articles published from 2019 were used; In addition, statistical data provided by the World Health Organization was used and the updated treatments were obtained from the U.S. platform. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Conclusions: The use of psychosocial therapies such as peer support, cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy are effective and sufficient strategies for mild postpartum depression. On the other hand, different types of antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs and tricyclic antidepressants have similar efficiency, so the choice is based on the response they generate, their adverse effects and the safety profile. Regarding emerging therapies with Brexanolone and Zuranolone, they have proven to be the preferred treatments due to their excellent short and long-term results.