Actualización en el abordaje quirúrgico de la hernia discal lumbar

Abstract

Introduction: Early diagnosis and targeted intervention are critical to significantly improve outcomes and mitigate the impact of lumbar disc herniation on a person's quality of life. Surgical treatment may be considered when patients present with neurological deficits; However, approximately 60-90% of cases are treated with conservative treatment alone. Objective: Synthesize the latest research and advances in the surgical approach to lumbar hernias, in order to provide a comprehensive view of the most effective, safe and current techniques. Methodology: A review of scientific articles in high-impact journals in databases such as Pubmed and Google Scholar, in the last 5 years, related to the surgical approach to lumbar disc herniations was carried out. Conclusion: Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy is considered the least invasive treatment for the approach of herniated disc of the nucleus pulposus, including minimal blood loss, better conservation of paravertebral muscles, shorter surgical times and shorter hospital stays, which would also reduce costs, therefore, it is considered the most effective surgical alternative.