Sarcopenia en pacientes adultos mayores, métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento nutricional

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength to the point of making proper musculoskeletal function impossible in older adults. Aging encompasses the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause sarcopenia, such as the loss of alpha motor neurons, hormonal changes, and increased oxidative stress, among the main ones. Objective: Define the methods of diagnosis and nutritional treatment of sarcopenia in older adult patients through the review of high-impact scientific articles to be applied in clinical practice. Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic review, where the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) was used to search for key words related to the research, validated information was collected in scientific databases such as Ebsco, Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, Google scholar, National Institute of Statistics and Census, related to sarcopenia in older adults, published from 2019 to July 2024. For the selection of articles, those quartiles 1 and 2 were considered, mostly, English and Spanish language, free full text, those published older than 5 years were excluded. Results: There are a variety of tests and techniques that can be applied for diagnosis, however, in clinical practice bioimpedance is used to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion: The treatment of sarcopenia is a comprehensive management, it must incorporate the consumption of proteins of high biological value together with resistance exercise, they exert a synergistic effect on muscle tissue.