Ictericia neonatal y proceso de atención de enfermería basado en el modelo de Callista Roy

Abstract

Jaundice manifests clinically as a result of hyperbilirubinemia, a condition caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the skin and mucous membranes. According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that approximately 60% of full-term newborns and 80% of premature infants develop jaundice in the first days of life. Some of the determining causes of neonatal jaundice include factors such as prematurity, male gender, breastfeeding, gestational age, cephalohematoma, polycythemia, obstructive meconium ileus, group and Rh incompatibility, hypothyroidism, infections of the TORCH group, urinary tract infections and sepsis. Diagnosis of neonatal jaundice can be made by visual inspection of the skin and sclerae by competent personnel. The aforementioned pathology can be of two types: physiological, which tends to resolve spontaneously, or pathological, where the lack of treatment can have serious consequences. Severe hyperbilirubinemia has become a significant public health problem, affecting around 481,000 neonates worldwide each year, with approximately 63,000 developing neurological sequelae. Callista Roy's adaptation theory provides necessary tools for pediatric care by focusing on understanding and supporting the child's ability to adapt to health circumstances. Health personnel who apply this theory are equipped to address the complexities of pediatric care, contributing to the comprehensive well-being of the youngest patients. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach, carried out through search and analysis of scientific articles based on the study. Results: The application of the Roy Adaptation Model in the care of pediatric patients not only proves to be effective, but also contributes to consolidating the field of nursing action by focusing on comprehensive care adapted to the individual needs of each patient. patient and his environment.Conclusion: The implementation of the Nursing Care Process, guided by the Callista Roy Model, has proven to be an effective strategy in the management of neonatal jaundice. Neonates received comprehensive care that addressed not only the physical aspects of jaundice, but also their psychological and developmental needs.