Análisis de vulnerabilidad hidrológica por inundaciones en ciudades de hasta 6 000 habitantes

Abstract

River and rain floods are a frequent problem in the winter season in Ecuador and have caused socio-economic losses. Growth has been another factor in obstructing the process of infiltration and runoff in the area, causing a considerable volume of the water level in the urban area to contribute to flooding. Hydrological studies play a crucial role in developing prevention strategies and reducing areas exposed to risk, as they allow predicting the behavior of a watercourse after an increase in its flow. The main objective of this work is to determine the vulnerability level to floods by applying a methodology that enables hydraulic modeling. The methodological process involves two types of research: a bibliographic approach based on document review and an experimental one consisting of topographic, hydrographic, land use, hydrological, and hydraulic analyses. The city of Marcabelí is taken as the study object to generate flood maps, identifying areas susceptible to flooding. The results obtained through flood maps demonstrate that the C-D section, for a 100-year return period, will be a water level of 14.54 meters, categorizing it as high risk. Additionally, a methodological proposal for creating flood maps is applicable to various flows and different return periods