Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico aplicando el método dáder en pacientes hipertensos de 45 a 90 años de una institución de salud

Abstract

Arterial hypertension is a common and chronic disease that leads to polypharmacy and more than half of the patients do not have good control of their blood pressure. It affects more than 30% of the world's adult population and is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and dementia. Approximately 1280 million adults aged 30 to 79 years have high blood pressure, most of whom (almost two-thirds) live in low- and middle-income countries. Controlling blood pressure is crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease, requiring a healthy lifestyle, appropriate medical treatment, and regular blood pressure monitoring. Therefore, in this study we conducted a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (PTFS) of hypertensive patients at the Velasco Ibarra Type "C" health center in Machala, El Oro province, which seeks to improve the quality of life of patients. The Dáder Method was used, which consists of seven steps, including the service offer, the first interview, the patient evaluation phase, the study phase, the intervention phase and the successive interviews. This process allowed for a systematized, continuous and documented follow-up, which was crucial to obtain favorable results. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up was performed on 50 outpatients for three months, professional interventions were recorded and documented, generating information for obtaining results, using the JAMOVI statistical program. The sample consisted of 31 women (62%) and 19 men (38%). Most of the patients were between 76 and 90 years of age, with 24 patients (48%). Thirty-four patients (68%) of the 50 were observed to be on monotherapy, while the remaining 16 (32%) were receiving combination therapy. Also, only 18 patients (36%) were on polypharmacy. Fifty drug-related problems (DRP) were identified, classified according to need, effectiveness and safety. These problems affected 30 patients (60%), who underwent the corresponding pharmacotherapeutic intervention, including inclusion, substitution and/or elimination of the drug in their therapy. It was concluded that pharmacotherapeutic follow-up is crucial for the prevention and resolution of drug-related problems, ensuring service efficiency and patient safety. The hypothesis that the Dáder Method applied in hypertensive patients attending the Velasco Ibarra Type "C" Health Center is effective for the detection of drug-related problems was confirmed.