Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico mediante el método dáder en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II del Hospital General Teófilo Dávila

Abstract

The aim of this study was to promote the responsible use of the drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus II (DM2) and patient self-care, using the Dáder method. The study design was experimental and cross-sectional with a descriptive approach. Forty-six patients with DM2 from the internal medicine area of the Hospital General Teófilo Dávila were evaluated. A series of steps were applied to obtain data on each patient, which consisted of: offer of service, first interview, situation status, study phase, evaluation phase, intervention phase, successive interviews and adherence test. The interferential analysis and application of the Chi-square test (X2) showed that the data obtained complied with normal distribution and homoscedasticity, with a p = 0.996. The results obtained show that, initially, only 10.9% of men and 13.0% of women showed adherence to pharmacological treatment (TF), possibly attributable to the lack of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up (SFT); however, after the application of the Morisky-Green-Levine test, adherence to TF increased to 58.7% in men and 41.3% in women. It should be noted that the study detected that the age of incidence for the development of DM2 was > 60 years, equivalent to 60.86% of the population studied. It was also associated that the prevalence of development is closely linked to the level of education, since 60.85% of the patients indicated that they had primary education and 39.15% indicated secondary education. The most commonly used pharmacological treatment for DM2 at the hospital level was monotherapy, with insulin being the drug of first choice in 58.70% of the population due to its beneficial effect on glycemic control and the low incidence of involvement in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is corroborated that the level of education of the patients has a drastic influence on adherence to treatment. Nevertheless, SFT has a positive influence on pharmacological adherence and, consequently, on patients' quality of life and well-being.