Efecto de intervalo de riego con fertirriego y fertilización edáfica en cultivo de banano

Abstract

The importance of proper nutrition in agricultural production, especially in banana cultivation. It is highlighted that the application of fertilizer without considering the characteristics of the soil and the needs of the plants can lead to discrimination in productivity and an increase in production costs. New fertilization strategies are implemented that include the combination of key nutrients and the use of fertigation systems. Fertigation allows a rapid and effective correction of nutritional imbalances, guaranteeing the quality of the applied solution and contributing to water savings and prevention of aquifer contamination. Soil fertilization, one of the most common practices in agricultural production, integrates two crucial aspects during the crop growth and development cycle: effective nutrition and irrigation control of different stages of the crop. Proper handling of these elements can lead to high-quality, high-yielding harvests. Currently, in order to optimize and improve banana nutrition and increase efficiency in the use of irrigation, the implementation of a fertigation system has been proposed. Not only does this system optimize fertilizer and water use, especially in regions where water resources are limited, but it is also a technique adaptable to a variety of situations. This is due both to the physiological characteristics of the crops and to the physical-chemical properties of the soil and water. In the present research work was carried out in a banana farm with the following objective, to evaluate the greatest impact of irrigation interval by applying 3 doses of fertigation and a dose of edaphic fertilization through its biometric variables and its impact on banana production, the design that was used was randomized complete blocks. The Blocks were made up of compact areas on the farm and within each block were the various treatments of the experimental units. 3 fertilizer application system treatments were implemented: T1 – 100% Fertigation, T2 – 75% Fertigation, T3 – Fertigation and T4 – Edaphic in an area of 1.6 ha. The variables evaluated were: Leaf emission (V1-Ef), plant height (V2-Ap), Number of leaves (V3-Nh), Stem diameter (V4-Df), Cluster weight (V5-Par), Rachis weight (V6-Prq), Number of hands per cluster (V7-Nmr), Hand weight per cluster (V8-Pmr), Number of fingers per cluster (V9-Ndmr), Hand length per cluster (V10-Lmr), Fruit grade (V11-Gf). The statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Estadistics 21 software, an exploratory analysis of the data was carried out for each variable measured had significant differences, in addition to the types of fertilizers influencing the means of the mean variables, a post-hoc tukey test was performed to determine the best treatment and establish whether or not the differences between them are significant. according to the results obtained.