El debate en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, área estudios sociales, quinto grado, escuela luz de américa, Machala, 2022-2023

Abstract

n the contemporary era, characterized by instant information and unrestricted access to a multitude of sources, critical thinking has become an essential competency for students. This skill, which involves the ability to reflectively analyze, evaluate, and question the information presented, not only promotes meaningful learning, but also empowers individuals to make decisions. The renowned developmental psychologist, Jean Piaget, defended the idea that the student must take an active role in his or her learning process, both in his intellectual development and in his moral growth. This responsibility is not only limited to the acquisition of knowledge, but also relates to preparing students to face real-world challenges. In this sense, critical thinking emerges as a valuable and necessary tool. The 21st century has seen a radical transformation in the way people access and process information. Today's students are faced with an overwhelming amount of data and opinions competing for their attention, making the ability to discern the truth and value of information more crucial than ever. However, the digital revolution, which has made knowledge more accessible to everyone, has also created a favorable environment for the spread of misinformation and the influence of bias. Today, students are overwhelmed by an avalanche of data and perspectives competing for their attention, underscoring the importance of the ability to discern the authenticity and value of information. In this scenario, it is essential that students acquire critical thinking skills to be able to successfully navigate this vast sea of information. In this context, the thesis presented delves into the analysis of critical thinking in students today, exploring its relevance in education, its development throughout academic training and its influence on individual and decision-making. collective. This research focuses on a specific group of students: seventh grade students in the area of social studies at the "Luz de América" School in Machala, during the 2022-2023 academic period. This approach is considered essential and highly relevant in the educational context, especially at the seventh year level of basic education.

A practical implementation of pedagogical strategies, such as debate, is proposed to encourage critical thinking in students, which is why we have several chapters such as; chapter I: foundation and theoretical framework, chapter II: implementation proposal, chapter III: feasibility evaluation and has its respective conclusions and recommendations to apply the teaching guide aimed at teachers on the use of debate as an innovative teaching strategy to develop thinking critical in students.