Mulch y microorganismos eficientes: efectos en el manejo de salinidad del suelo en banano.

Abstract

Mulch consists of covering the surface layer of the soil with plant or organic residues, preventing moisture loss, reducing weeds, and increasing microbiological activity. Efficient microorganisms work by breaking down organic matter to store carbon, together with biochar, retaining nutrients and improving its biological capacity. The high presence of salts harms and degrades the soil structure, reducing water permeability, and causing severe issues in the root system and foliage of the plant. In this case, the research objective is to evaluate the effects of mulch and efficient microorganisms on salinity management in banana cultivation. Three treatments were performed: T1 (mulch, 10g biochar, 10g silicon); T2 (mulch, 10g biochar, 10g silicon, 10g microorganisms, 35g rooting agent); T3 (mulch, 10g biochar, 10g silicon, 10g microorganisms, 35g rooting agent, 70ml physiological regulator). T2 and T3 significantly lowered soil electrical conductivity, improving nutrient availability and percentages of functional roots in the banana crop, which has a positive impact on plant growth and development. These results highlight the importance of considering these agricultural practices to optimize banana production.