Efecto de un consorcio microbiano sobre la concentración de nitrógeno y fósforo inorgánico en agua esterilizada y de piscinas camaroneras.

Abstract

Ammonium is the main nitrogenous compound present in aquaculture ponds generated by feed and animal excretion. Under certain conditions ammonium can be toxic for shrimp. Several shrimp farms capture rich nutrients water, including phosphates. To reduce the amount of ammonium and phosphates, the shrimp farmers use the bioremediation technique which contains several microbial products. This research was implemented to evaluate the effect of an autochthonous microbial consortium on the concentration of nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus in the water. The microbial consortium was prepared with local subproducts such as plant waste, molasses, and bovine milk. The microorganisms were applied in an interval of 2 hours until completing 4 hours. The study analyzed the concentration of ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, and phosphates. The results indicated that the biodegradation was negative when applying beneficial microorganisms in sterilized water with aeration plus chemical addition of nitrogen and phosphorous. On the other hand, when applying a concentration of beneficial microorganisms in water from an extensive culture system, the biodegradation was 60,36% for ammonium and 100% for phosphates at 4 hours. Likewise, when applying the beneficial microorganisms in water from semi-intensive culture system maintained with aeration and shrimp, the biodegradation was 87,33% only for phosphates. In the same experiment when re-applying the beneficial microorganisms, the biodegradation was 98,9% for ammonium and 96,75% for phosphates at 4 hours. Finally, in water from laboratory maintained with aeration and post-larvae, after 2 hours of applying beneficial microorganisms the concentrations of ammonium, nitrifies, nitrates and phosphates decreased, but the concentration of these parameters increased at 4 hours. For this reason, it is concluded that the application of autochthonous microbial consortium in shrimp culture water significantly contributed to the flux nitrogenous compounds and phosphates, favoring their conversion to simpler and less toxic compounds in short periods of time.