Acuicultura multitrófica integrada (imta) aplicada al cultivo de especies de interés acuícola en un sistema híbrido (zwd-raz-symbiotic).

Abstract

The objective of the research work was to determine the feasibility and sustainability of applying an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system in a hybrid system (ZWD-RAS-SYMBITIC) for managing aquaculture species of interest, including red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), chame (Dormitator latifrons), and Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), carried out over a 14-week cultivation period. The growth rate and survival of the three aquaculture species in the IMTA system within a hybrid system were described. The initial weights were 320 ± 0,1 g for chame, 183.6 ± 0.1 g for red tilapia, and 0,1 ± 0,1 g for shrimp. Shrimp were fed according to a feeding schedule tailored to their nutritional needs, while fish were fed at 1,5% of the fish biomass to encourage them to feed on suspended solids. The results indicate that the weight gain was more significant in fish compared to shrimp. Additionally, the survival rate in red tilapia was higher compared to what was observed in chame and shrimp, with values of 93,33%, 92,31%, and 82,67%, respectively. The effect of the IMTA system in a hybrid system yielded positive results, as ammonia levels decreased from initial values of 1 ± 0,25 ppm to favorable levels of 0 ppm for the cultivation of these aquaculture species. The system also maintained a uniform water flow in all tanks, keeping salinity consistent at 7460 ± 1,0 ppm, making the adaptability of the species to this technique positive. These results demonstrate that these three species are suitable for cultivation in the IMTA system within a hybrid system. Key water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, TDS, salinity, and TAN remained within recommended limits for these species, ensuring safe nitrite levels. This effective control of parameters indicates optimal waste management and nutrient conversion. Although there were no significant differences in growth between chame and tilapia, there was a reduction in total ammonia levels and control of NH3, suggesting that tilapia contributed to reducing suspended solids. These findings support the applicability of IMTA in a hybrid system for key aquaculture species. The technology proved to be effective in managing environmental conditions and waste, offering significant potential for advancing sustainable and profitable aquaculture. The results open up new possibilities for future research and practical.