Efecto de biorremediadores comerciales en la incidencia bacteriana patógena del agua en cultivo de camarón (litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

In aquaculture crops the presence of diseases are natural components of the environment having a negative effect on the economy for aquaculture, however, it is an industry that is constantly growing so the manifestation of diseases by high planting densities become a problem affecting water quality. Therefore, the need arises to implement an alternative to solve this problem by implementing beneficial microoranisms as water bioremediators. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of commercial bioremediators on pathogenic bacterial communities in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture water. The experiment was carried out in the cytogenetics laboratory located in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences with a completely randomised experimental design (DCA) manipulating the study factors being the two commercial ioremediators (A and B) with seven treatments (control, A1-0.5 g, A2-0.75 g, A3-1.0 g, B1-0.5 g, B2-0.75 g, B3-1.0 g) and two replicates, in a 500 ml balloon flask with a 300 ml water column, randomly distributed. Analysis of the concentration of Vibrios in water (CFU/ml) was carried out using the serial sample technique with a dilution of 9:1 (10-1, 10-2, 10-3) using plate seeding. The interpretation of the treatments was performed according to the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test (p-value ≤ 0.05). The results obtained did not show significant statistical differences throughout the experiment, although there was a numerical reduction. At the beginning of the experiment, the concentration of Vibrios in the water was (3.0E+05 CFU/ml) in all the treatments. After 24 hours, treatment B3 obtained a reduction of (1.30E+05 CFU/ml), being the most effective treatment during the time elapsed. At 48 hours, treatment B2 had a decrease in the Vibrio load in the water of (5.50E+04 CFU/ml), being the most effective treatment during the elapsed time. At 72 hours, treatment B3 had a decrease of (1.55E+04 CFU/ml). The same occurred at 96 hours, with a decrease of (3.00E+04 CFU/ml). Concluding that, that the activity of Vibrio spp, obtained constant reduction at numerical level during the whole experiment, it was observed that the treatment (B3) showed better results, achieving a percentage of reduction of 58.67% in the load of Vibrio in comparison with (A3), which had anefficiency of 42.33%, throughout the whole experiment.