Clasificación y tratamiento de la placenta previa

Abstract

Introduction: Placenta previa is the product of abnormal placentation whose incidence is 4 to 6 per 1000 births; According to the INEC of Ecuador, 1.6% of 190 maternal deaths in 2021 were due to placenta previa. This pathology is associated with unfavorable obstetric risks for both mothers and newborns as a result of excessive blood loss. Objective: The objective is to update the classification and treatment of this pathology, with the purpose of applying this knowledge at the first level of health care; as well as, contribute by avoiding future complications. Method: The information was obtained from review articles and systematic reviews from PUBMED and Up to Date from the last 5 years that included placenta previa with emphasis on its classification and treatment. Conclusion: Currently this pathology is classified into placenta previa and low placenta, when the placental edge overlaps the internal cervical os and when it is less than 20 mm from the OCI, respectively; Birth planning is part of the treatment, if the placental edge is at a distance of 11 – 20 mm from the OCI, a trial of labor may be considered for a possible vaginal birth; Otherwise, in cases where the distance is less than 11 mm or the OIC is covered by placental tissue, it results in delivery by cesarean section between 36 and 37.6 gestational weeks