Abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la hemorragia digestiva alta por úlcera duodenal

Abstract

Introduction: upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a medical emergency that causes hospitalization in most cases and especially affects adults over 65 years of age worldwide. Most cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding have their origin in peptic ulcers. Materials and methods: A review of scientific articles from the last 5 years was carried out in the pubMed and Google Scholar search engines with the keyword “upper digestive bleeding”. Results: the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be clinical, by laboratory tests, by images or endoscopic. In the present work, information has been compiled on new diagnostic forms such as scintigraphy or arteriography, which also have therapeutic utility since transabdominal embolization can be performed through it and has fewer complications compared to surgery. There are several alternatives for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, initially it is medical, however if the patient does not resolve, endoscopy will be necessary, the method of choice until today and by which various procedures can be performed such as the injection of sclerosing substances in the site of bleeding, cauterization or mechanical procedures such as placement of clips or elastic bands in order to compress the affected blood vessel and stop bleeding. In conclusion, this work shows the need to know the different diagnostic and therapeutic means of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.