ADN en criminalística para la identificación de personas

Abstract

Introduction: Criminology is a science of social legal profile, its application covers all áreas related to criminal acts and delinquency, it is helped by several sciences, including forensic identification, through lophoscopic analysis, comparative dental analysis and DNA analysis; These methods are widely used in the criminal and civil field in cases corresponding to: ties of consanguinity, the identification of an individual suspected of a criminal case, the identification of human remains. The identification through the analysis of the genetic profile manifests itself in the form of "a pattern of bands similar to a barcode establishing the genetic fingerprint". Objective: To describe the use of DNA in criminology for the identification of people through bibliographic review for a correct approach in the medical and judicial field. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out based on scientific articles found in: Google schoolar, scopus, scielo, pubmed related to criminology and forensic genetics. Conclusion: The study of DNA, as part of forensic genetics for the identification of people is considered a Gold standard technique in the application of DNA analysis in genetic identification are very numerous, some cases can be mentioned: ties of consanguinity, identification of missing persons, identification of corpses The technique used will be depending on the situation, however, the most used is mitochondrial DNA analysis, because it stores more genetic information in less sample, and can be used in most established áreas.