Recursos terapéuticos en la obstetricia para prevenir el parto pretérmino y sus complicaciones respiratorias perinatales.

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as imminent birth in the period greater than 22.0 weeks, but before 36.6 weeks of gestation. It is regrouped according to gestational age into extreme preterm, early preterm, moderate preterm and late preterm. The WHO establishes that 1 in 10 births is premature and it has been classified as one of the main causes of death in neonates due to the complications it can lead to, such as neurological and respiratory complications, which is why constant preparation of health personnel on this issue since in most cases this is usually preventable.

Objective: To establish therapeutic resources to prevent preterm birth and perinatal respiratory complications.

Materials and methods: An exhaustive search of several scientific articles associated with preterm birth and its management was carried out in search engines such as PubMed, Elsevier, Uptodate, Science Direct and ResearchGate, and after discarding, 74 articles with a Q1-Q3 index of high social-economic impact were selected.

Conclusion: It was possible to identify a large number of drugs that act by relaxing the myometrial smooth muscle, calcium channel blockers with their clearest exponent, nifedipine, are the tocolytic of choice for the treatment of premature birth associated with corticosteroids to achieve maturation of type I and II pneumocytes during the first 24 hours or until delivery occurs.