Evaluación de bacterias probióticas de origen comercial en dos ambientes, marinos y dulceacuícolas, para su uso en acuicultura.

Abstract

In Ecuador, shrimp farming experiences countless challenges on a daily basis, including trying to meet the international requirement for this product, therefore the industry is forced to intensify farming farms, which leads to a large accumulation of organic matter growth in the bottoms of the farming units, as it is already known, intensification goes hand in hand with other problems such as immunosuppression of cultured organisms, due to overcrowding, this is a big problem since organisms with low defenses are more prone to diseases, for this reason the population of a pond will be affected. There are several solutions to the problem of the accumulation of organic matter, one of them can be the mechanical removal of the sediments accumulated in the bottom of the pond, another quick way is the removal of said substances through the so-called bottom water exchanges or with a donkey that basically focuses on removing the water and organic matter located at the bottom of the pond, but as is already known, these two previously mentioned options imply a very high cost for the farm, which are often even options that are freely available only of large companies with high capital, but there is a more stable option that requires little investment, which is known as bioremediation. This biotechnological tool is an excellent alternative, widely known for its effectiveness in the medium and long term, which basically consists of applying a cocktail of bacteria that are responsible for reducing organic compounds through the production of enzymes and other substances that reduce O.M. so that in this way it is a controlled biological decomposition process that does not generate environmental alterations. For this reason, this work tries to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial product, made up of a cocktail of Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, which are mainly aimed at reducing organic matter present in the bottoms and the column. of water intended for aquaculture, the experiment consisted of the use of twelve experimental units with a capacity of 15 liters each, these were used to evaluate the efficacy of the mentioned product on sediments of aquaculture origin rich in OM. The application of the product was carried out to compare two different environments, one marine and the other fresh aquaculture. For this test, 5 gr was applied for each experimental unit and it was compared with a soil to which no bacteria was placed, which was the control of each environment respectively, to determine the O.M. present in the sediment, the ignition method was used and the test lasted 21 days. As results, it should be noted that there is a notable difference between treatments with respect to the control, since a change in color and elimination of odors can be observed in the soil of the marine environment compared to the control and the freshwater environment. Finally, it can be concluded that the application of bacteria of commercial origin to carry out soil bioremediation processes are of vital importance since with this project it was possible to verify the effectiveness of said macroorganisms in marine environments, highlighting that this is probably due to which are bacteria of marine origin.