Criterios diagnósticos y prevención de la cetoacidosis diabética

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, has acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is an emergency, given by insulin deficiency, the diagnosis is based on its diagnostic criteria and the treatment is based on returning the hydro-electrolyte balance and insulin administration. Having the knowledge for diagnosis and prevention will reduce mortality. Objective: To describe the diagnostic criteria and prevention guidelines for diabetic ketoacidosis. Materials and Methods: The present work is a descriptive, retrospective study where a search of the last 5 years of scientific articles and theses in different scientific journals such as: Pubmed, Dialnet, Elsevier was carried out. Providing as a basis of information on diagnostic criteria and prevention. Conclusion: DKA is triggered by a triggering factor causing a decrease in insulin and an increase in counter-regulatory hormones; due to COVID-19 and the increase in DM, cases have increased, so recognizing its clinical and diagnostic criteria will help to make a decision for optimal treatment and to know when to refer the patient to a higher level of care. The mortality of this pathology is decreasing, due to the prevention of diabetes, if small changes are made in lifestyle and empowering the patient with knowledge about their disease will help prevent DKA and improve their quality of life.