Análisis de caso clínico de un paciente infante femenino con diagnóstico de amebiasis intestinal para un tratamiento oportuno.

Abstract

This document focuses on Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite that causes intestinal amoebiasis. The disease is characterized by bloody intestinal diarrhea and invasive extraintestinal disease. Intestinal amoebiasis is a public health concern, especially in areas with unsanitary conditions, and can have fatal consequences. The parasite has two forms, trophozoite and cyst, which play an important role in its biological cycle. Transmission occurs primarily through ingestion of cysts present in contaminated food or water. The clinical diagnosis is made by stool tests that detect cysts or trophozoites. Pharmacological treatment includes the use of drugs such as metronidazole or tinidazole. To prevent infection, it is suggested to maintain an adequate drainage system, personal hygiene, wash food and avoid contact with contaminated areas. The focus of the thesis is based on a descriptive method, and a clinical case of a 7-year-old patient with symptoms of intestinal amoebiasis is presented. Questions about the causative agent, transmission mechanisms, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis are addressed. In addition, information is provided on the prevalence of the infection in different regions and an intestinal parasite elimination program implemented in Ecuador is highlighted. The thesis concludes that, with early diagnosis and timely treatment, amoebiasis can be effectively prevented and controlled, avoiding serious and potentially fatal consequences.