Diagnóstico y abordaje terapéutico de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo

Abstract

During pregnancy, a series of hemodynamic changes occur that alter cardiac output, plasma volume and vascular resistance, increasing the possibility of hypertensive disorders, which are one of the main causes of increased maternal morbidity and mortality. About 2 to 8% of complications during pregnancy are due to preeclampsia, a multisystemic disorder that causes 10% of perinatal deaths and increases the frequency of occurrence of hypertensive disorders in the postpartum period. Currently, international institutions have proposed an international classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with the aim of facilitating the identification of the causes and treatment according to the severity of the disorder. Objective: to determine the diagnosis and adequate management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by reviewing scientific articles. Methodology: descriptive study of documentary review in different international databases such as Pubmed, Medscape, Google Academic and Elsevier for the last five years. Conclusion: Blood pressure measurement during prenatal controls is the ideal method to diagnose these disorders. Systolic blood pressure figures of ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic of ≥ 90 mm Hg that may or may not be added to proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation a severe hypertensive disorder, therapeutic management goes according to the control of the blood pressure figure and in severe cases immediate termination of pregnancy.