Impacto de la menopausia en el ámbito médico, social y psicológico

Abstract

Menopause is a stage in women’s lives characterized by the definitive cessation of the menstrual period and hormonal changes associated with ovarian follicle atresia and the consequent reduction in the ability to produce estrogen. The objective of this research is to determine the impact of changes in women in menopause in the medical, social and psychological fields. Reviewed scientific literature, on "menopause", "change of female life", "physiology of menopause", "psychological problems in menopause", "social problems in menopause", "medical problems in menopause", in indexed journals of databases such as: EBSCO, SCIELO, PUBMED and official pages, from June 2018 to the present. Menopause is divided into 3 clinical periods: premenopausis, perimenopause and postmenopause and occupies a third of women’s lives, in which various changes occur both biologically and psychologically, reason why, at this stage, some women perceive a decrease in their quality of life. Medically, menopause increases the risk of obesity, cardiovascular events and osteoporosis. Sleep disturbances, genitourinary symptoms and sexual dissatisfaction occur. At the psychological level, it causes problems of low self-esteem, depression, mood alteration and cognitive alterations At the social level, there is a devaluation of postmenopausal females and society demonstrates negative attitudes of rejection towards these women. In addition, the symptoms they experience affect interpersonal relationships both family and work.