Factores que influyen en la aparición y diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de mama

Abstract

Breast cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease that affects a large number of women in the world, constituting a major public health problem present in both developed and undeveloped countries. The aim of the research is to determine the factors that influence the appearance and early diagnosis of breast cancer. The study was conducted searches in academic and scientific databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, using search terms such as "breast cancer", "early diagnosis", "factors", "barriers" and "drivers". Articles published in indexed journals were selected between 2018 and 2023. Among the diagnostic methods used in the early identification of cancer are ultrasound, mastography, magnetic resonance and histopathological study. Although the etiopathogenesis of breast cancer is not completely determined, it is considered a multifactorial disease, which is closely related to various risk factors. It is concluded that there are several factors that influence the appearance of breast cancer, such as: gender, age, postmenopausal obesity, physical inactivity, exposure to ionizing radiation in childhood and adolescence or younger than 30 years, personal history of breast cancer. As factors influencing early diagnosis, we have: access to private health services, use of telemedicine, poor accessibility of complementary tests, fears, beliefs/culture, attitudes of shame/shame, knowledge about breast cancer and lack of professional health services, socio-political and organizational factors.