Factores de riesgo que predisponen el desarrollo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is made up of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), which present in their chronic state with inflammatory episodes. Its etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, since it includes environmental, drug and psychological risk factors, as well as non-modifiable ones that include race, age, sex, genetic and immunological factors that modify the intestinal microbiota. In general, the incidence and prevalence has a predominance in developed countries of Australia, Europe and North America. Objective: To determine the risk factors that contribute to the etiopathogenic diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease through an updated review of scientific articles and digital repositories in order to allow an adequate approach in clinical practice. Materials and methods: Content-based descriptive review of scientific articles published in the database of high-impact systematic journals in the last 5 years, such as PUBMED, Google Scholar, British Medical Journal, JAMA, Scielo. Conclusion: According to current studies, the exact etiopathogenesis of IBD is unknown, however, the main risk factors that allow the appearance and development of this disorder stand out, so it is suggested to improve the quality and lifestyle as a preventive measure of said pathology.