Evaluación y manejo clínico de la ateroesclerosis en pacientes con antecedentes de riesgo cardiovascular: a propósito de un caso clínico

Abstract

Introduction: This research work corresponds to a selected clinical case, which tells us about a 59-year-old male patient named Manuel. Which has a personal pathological history of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type II diabetes mellitus. He had a cerebrovascular accident 2 years ago without any kind of sequelae and is currently treated under the pharmacological regimen of rosuvastatin, valsartan, hydrochlorothiazide and acetylsalicylic acid. Upon arriving at the consultation, the patient refers to having experienced dizziness, sweating, falling to the floor, and loss of consciousness while he was exercising on a treadmill in a gym. The vital signs are taken, observing normal values except for the heart rate at 48 beats per minute, together with the neurological examination within normal limits. Objective: To provide a comprehensive evaluation and clinical management of atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Methodology: The sources of bibliographic consultations used are based on scientific review articles, quartile one, between the years 2018 and 2023 and corresponding to journals of internationally renowned medical societies and associations. Conclusions: It is necessary to obtain more information in the patient's anamnesis, for a rigorous diagnosis and highly effective therapeutic management, when there is a very high risk of cardiovascular events, which should include pathological, laboratory and imaging history and a good adherence to treatment to limit and/or reduce cardiovascular risk.