Fundamentos del tratamiento de la enfermedad de Parkinson

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's is a disease characterized by degeneration at the brain level that is associated with motor signs. In 2016, 6.3 million people were affected. In addition, it is estimated that by the year 2030 around 12 million people will be affected worldwide, in 2040, 17 million and in 2050, 2 billion. In Ecuador, there is a prevalence of 243 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Objective: To describe the fundamentals of the treatments used in Parkinson's disease through the current evidence published in the last 5 years, for its usefulness and complement in medical practice. Methodology: For the present review, information about treatments and Parkinson's disease was used based on updated scientific evidence of the last 5 years from various journals in Spanish or English, collecting high-impact articles through search engines such as: PubMed, Google Scholar/Scholar, Eureka, UpToDate, and MedScape, other updated literature was also used, such as books and theses that have information on anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Conclusion: The pathophysiological basis of Parkinson's disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons, levodopa is the most effective treatment option, giving improvement to this alteration, being absorbed in the intestine and transformed into dopamine by means of an enzyme, in addition to improving the amount that reaches the target site are currently combined with drugs that allow it, such as carbidopa.